lord of the flies simon as a christ figure Essay - 612 Words

The character of Simon in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies has often been viewed as the Christ figure of the novel. If you were to examine the actions of both Simon and Jesus, you would find a number of incidents that parallel each other. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the first things that Simon does that depicts a Christ-like action, is found in chapter 3 when he helps the littluns get fruit, â€Å"Simon found for them the fruit they could not reach† (Golding 56). During his lifetime, Jesus often aided the hungry, one example being when he turned 5 loaves of bread and 2 fish into enough food for thousands of people. Later in the chapter Simon finds himself in the wilderness. While there, Simon was calm and enjoyed the solitude of†¦show more content†¦Many of the prophecies revealed by Jesus were also disregarded and not accepted by everyone. This depicts that both Simon and Jesus were misunderstood by the people around them. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Simon’s encounter with the Lord of the Flies in chapter nine can be seen as a parallel to Jesus’ confrontation with Satan in the desert. Simon and Jesus were both challenged by evil but overcame it. Although, the Lord of the Flies would reveal to Simon that it is the evil within the boys, â€Å"You knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you?† (Golding 143). From this, he reaches an epiphany and later leaves to tell the other boys. While returning to tell the boys, Simon is hit in the side by a spear. Jesus was also stabbed in the side before his crucifixion. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The deaths of Simon and Jesus also had many things in common. Both were killed by members of their community, and were persecuted for the sins and evil of others. The events that directly followed the deaths of Simon and Jesus are very much similar also. According to the Bible, when Jesus was being persecuted â€Å"there was darkness over the whole land† (Mark 15:33) and once he died the earth shook. When Simon died â€Å"the clouds opened and let down the rain like a waterfall† (Golding 153). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the last parallels between Simon and Jesus is shown after Simon’s death. While his body laid on the beach â€Å"the strangeShow MoreRelatedLord of the Flies: Simon as a Christ Figure Essay631 Words   |  3 PagesThe character of Simon in William Goldings Lord of the Flies has often been viewed as the Christ figure of the novel. If you were to examine the actions of both Simon and Jesus, you would find a number of incidents that parallel each other. One of the first things that Simon does that depicts a Christ-like action, is found in chapter 3 when he helps the littluns get fruit, Simon found for them the fruit they could not reach (Golding 56). During his lifetime, Jesus often aided the hungry, oneRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1044 Words   |  5 Pagesmost literary classics, William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies contains allusions to the Christian Bible and character archetypes that convey universal ideas. Golding’s story focuses on a group of British schoolboys who are stranded on an island and ultimately succumb to their innate savage tendencies. Literary analysts often compare components of Lord of the Flies to various aspects in the Christian Bible. For instance, the setting in Lord of the Flies is often linked to the Garden of Eden, and someRead MoreSimon Allusion Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesSimon is a character who is a major significance in Lord of the Flies. Simon is one of the boy s stranded on the island after his plane crashed. Additionally, Simon is a member of the choir. As part of the choir, he is under the leadership of Jack. Simon is described as â€Å"...a skinny, vivid little boy, with a glance coming up from under a hut of straight hair that hung down, black and coarse.† (24) He is also prone to fainting. For instance, shortly after the plane crashes, Simon faints in front ofRead MoreEssay on Biblical Allusions in Lord of the Flies727 Words   |  3 PagesBiblical Allusions in Lord of the Flies In the story, Lord of the Flies, there are many biblical allusions; Simon represents Jesus, the pig’s head represents Satan or rather their satanic sides, Jack represents Judas, and the island represents the Garden of Eden. Through out this novel these allusions play large parts in the story and ideals place in the story. Simon, one of the major characters in the story, is set as the allusion of Jesus. Christ always had an affinity with children; inRead MoreLord Of The Flies Allegory820 Words   |  4 Pagesthe allegorical novel, Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the innocence of schoolboys deserted on an island is tested and broken. In a failed attempt to reach safety in the midst of World War II, these boys are stranded on an island to fend for themselves. Golding uses Simon, the archetypal innocent character, in the text to demonstrate the corruption the boys face, as well as the loss of their innocence. Thus, through the characterization of Simon in Lord of the Flies, William Golding symbolizesRead MoreLord of The Flies Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesLord of the Flies was published in 1954 by William Golding. Today Lord of the Flies is a well known literary criticism. Many schools require their students to read Lord of the Flies because of the literary criticisms in the book. In this paper three themes or literary criticisms are talked about: good vs. evil, symbolism of characters, and maturity of characters. Another topic in Goldings Lord of the Flies is the battle of good vs. evil. Everything seems to start out just fine on the island; theRead MoreCharacter Essay of Simon - Lord of the Flies1041 Words   |  5 PagesThe appearance of Simon in the novel The Lord of the Flies is of great significance and is substantial for the development of the story because he made lots of points in the story. First of all, it is important to state that he sent simple, yet deep messages throughout the novel, with morals behind them. Religiously speaking, Simon can be identified as the Christ-figure in the story. Simon also had a very specific role in the novel in being the character in contact with nature. Simons significanceRead MoreKindness in an Unkind World1228 Words   |  5 Pagesmonster, but not Simon. Throughout William Golding’s novel, Lord of the Flies, Simon is the boy who remains good even when the rest of the world remains cruel. Simon is a quiet boy in the story who shows wisdom a nd civilization, on an uncivilized and savage island. Simon is first introduced when Ralph calls an assembly with the conch in the first chapter. We learn early he is epileptic, but is also a hard worker. When the children of the island start to turn against one another, Simon remains coolRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lord of the Flies Essay The Lord of the Flies written by William Golding and published on September 17, 1954 is a story told about a group of stranded boys and their fight for survival against the wilderness and themselves. In this story many signs of symbolism are used by Golding to point out certain aspects of society that Golding thought strongly of. This story on first read may just seem to be a survival- esque piece of literature but, on a deeper look one can find Golding’s true motiveRead More Simon as Christ in Lord of the Flies Essay887 Words   |  4 Pages Simon as Christ in Lord of the Flies  Ã‚      The role of the prophet changes with the society in which he lives. In modern society, a prophet is a visionary, telling people what they can become; in Biblical times, a prophet was the voice of God, telling his people what they had to become to fulfill their covenant with God.   In William Goldings Lord of the Flies, the prophet is a peaceful lad, Simon.   He alone saw that the jungle, which represented freedom and the lack of civilization,

Ethical Principles Of Business Ethics - 1995 Words

BUSINESS ETHICS Ethics is the branch of philosophy that focuses on morality and the way in which moral principles are applied to everyday life. It involves an active process of applying values, which may range from religious principles to customs and traditions. Business ethics focuses on the good or wrong behavior in the world of business, all companies have a responsibility to apply moral and ethical principles to the marketplace and workplace. Also business people have a responsibility to the public and themselves to maintain ethical principles. It is important to study business ethics because is the form in which we integrate essential values such as honesty, trust, respect and fairness in our policies and practices as well as in decision-making at all levels. It is important to grow the business in harmony, and making people feel comfortable. Good ethical practice is also important for a Company when they make their deciscions, because it maximizes profit and reflects good corporate citizenship. The Relationship between Law and Ethics is its Compliance with the law is not always enough to determine the correct behavior. The laws are broad in scope and purpose, they are the expression of the ethical beliefs of our society and prohibit or require certain actions to avoid significant harm to society. In the section about Business ethics and social media, The author explains how now days in order to aquire a job the employer searches Facebook, blogs and twitter toShow MoreRelatedEthical And Ethical Principles Of Business Ethics Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagesmeaning of business ethics; (1 point) â€Å"Business ethics is the application of moral and ethical principles in a business context.† – In the business society it is not just about what the law says, there are instances that a situation is in accordance with the rule of law, but somehow there are gray areas that violates the common principles of the society. That is the reason why nowadays, moral and business ethics are being observed widely. 3. A discussion of how you and other business leaders canRead MoreEthical Concepts And Principles Of Business Ethics1673 Words   |  7 Pagesregulations designed to ensure proper conduct in business. Plus, individual businessmen and women have their own private consciences to guide them. So do we really need to study business ethics? Is it necessary for businesspeople to be familiar with abstract ethical concepts and principles, and to engage in ethical reasoning? Why / why not? (7 points) I believe it is most certainly necessary for business people to be familiar with ethical concepts and principles. The increasing complexity of today s economyRead MoreThe Five Business Ethics Myths Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesCommon Ethics Misconceptions Trevino Brown (2004) in Academy of Management Executives talked about the five business ethics myths. 1. It is easy to be ethical 2. Unethical behavior in business results from bad people 3. A formal code of ethics is the easiest way to manage them 4. Principled leadership revolves around your leaders 5. At one time, people appeared to be more ethical Pundits and business leaders say being ethical is straightforward when being ethical is complexRead MoreHow Ethics Affects Business Relationships Within An Organization Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pages Business ethics, business relationships and leadership make immense contribution towards influencing an organization’s overall existing culture. They all play a key role in an organization s development, success, and achievement through various aspects. There are numerous ways in which business ethics, business relationships, and business leadership affect an organization’s culture. These impacts can have either positive or negative repercussions. Some of the ways through which the business cultureRead MoreBusiness Ethics And The Ethical Issues1461 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness ethics and the ethical issues in marketing Moral principles that guide the way a business behaves are known as business ethics. However this term has a broader definition. As the word ethics can pose many definitions in a broad context and it can be challenging to find a common understanding of the term, hence, most companies denote the concept of the term ethics as responsible business conduct, business practices or integrity. Business ethics offers a tool for conducting business more effectivelyRead MoreThe Difference Between Professionalism And Ethics1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe difference between professionalism and ethics is professionalism talks about staying professional within your business and always staying up to par about what is going on within a business. Ethics talks about the study of decisions and moral judgment. Ethics is the study of what should be, what is the ultimate good and how to achieve it. People have always thought that the primary purpose of business is to serve society. Business must have a soci ety commitment otherwise businesses cannot enjoyRead MoreEthics and Decision Making1334 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER I WHAT IS ETHICS? - Each society form a set of rules that establishes the boundaries of general accepted behavior. These rules are often expressed in statements about how people should behave, and they fit together to form the MORAL CODE by which a society lives. - The term MORALITY refers to a social conventions about right and wrong that are so widely shared that they become the basis for an established consensus. DEFINITION OF ETHICS: ETHICS – is a set of beliefs about right andRead MoreState Farm Ethical Principles And Expectations938 Words   |  4 PagesTAYLOR: STATE FARM ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND EXPECTATIONS 1 Every business develops a set of ethical principles that they abide by. The business ethical principles intentions: it construct the business certainty in the community , maintain the employees liveried in what the business attempt to have as structural conducts and aid the employees consume principles to make ethical choices that guards the business. In a culture with a diverse assessment structure and augmentedRead MoreOp 10 Principles For Positive Business Ethics Essay799 Words   |  4 Pagesop 10 Principles for Positive Business Ethics By Philip E. Humbert | Submitted On January 04, 2005 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 10 Share this article on Twitter 2 Share this article on Google+ 2 Share this article on Linkedin 2 Share this article on StumbleUpon 1 Share this article on Delicious 2 Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit 1 Share this article on Pinterest 2 This morning, I read about a company using on-line auctionsRead MoreEthical Management Processes in an International Company1039 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Ethical Management Processes in an International Company Introduction There are five things that can be done by the international business and its managers to ensure that ethical issues are calculated into the organizations business decisions. Those five are as follows: (1) hiring and promotion is accomplished within a framework of personal ethics; (2) the organizational culture is constructed with value placed on behavior that is ethical; (3) the organization ensure that leaders not only speak

“A Question of Torture” by Alfred McCoy Free Essays

â€Å"In April 2004, the American public was stunned when CBS Television broadcast photographs from Abu Ghraib prison, showing Iraqis naked, hooded, and contorted in humiliating positions while U.S. soldiers stood over them, smiling†. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"A Question of Torture† by Alfred McCoy or any similar topic only for you Order Now (p.5) Here Alfred McCoy starts his narration. His book â€Å"A Question of Torture† is labeled as a penetration study of fifty years American participation in torture propagation, research and practice. The book reveals degrading and inhumane treatment, cruelty and injustice in US history intensified by tragic personal case studies and experiences. The author deepens in why the tortures were sued, where they were implemented and what the consequences were. It is known that CIA had spent millions of dollars on torture research and the author writes that it combined self-inflicted pain with sensory deprivation with the eternal purpose of creating revolutionary psychological approach. The goal was to develop the first innovation in torture: â€Å"Still, if genius is the discovery of the obvious, then the CIA’s perfection of psychological torture was a major scientific turning point, albeit unnoticed and unheralded in the world beyond its secret safe houses†.   (p.7) The primary techniques in torturing were hooding, isolation, extremes of hot and cold, hours of standing without opportunities to move or to change body position, manipulation of time. In such a way CIA had managed to destroy victim’s senses and his personal identity. All these techniques are claimed to have been used in Vietnam, Iraq, Iran and Central America. For example, Washington is argued to refer to torture in CIA’s prisons and torture-friendly countries. Nevertheless, information obtained through torturing is really worthless as victims were ready to acknowledge their fault even if they were not guilty. McCoy says that the agency used electric shocks and recruited peopled like, for example, Kurt Plotner. The author concludes that the simplest and cheapest methods work the best and, what is more awful, public accepted them more than physical violence. Book Discussion I think that the book â€Å"A Question of Torture† is really shocking and impressive study as the author reveals the most contradictive and painful pages of American history. Nevertheless, the book contributes historical filed as McCoy tends to provide neutral and realistic examples how tortures were used by CIA and where they were used. The author frames historical development of tortures stressing they are sanctioned. He seems to be very concerned with the diminished standards of American nation. However, I agree with McCoy that tortures are rarely affective and it is simply a like looking for a needle in haystack. The book teaches us that once torture is implemented, it results in mass tortures as, for example, tortures in Argentina and Chile during their ‘dirty wars’. Moreover, mass tortures are linked to increased rates of judicial killings. How to cite â€Å"A Question of Torture† by Alfred McCoy, Papers

Marketing Environment Audit & Marketing Plan - Porter Forces Analysis

Question: Describe about the marketing environment audit and marketing plan of the Power Up drink? Answer: Introduction Power Up is an energy drink introduced by a UK based startup- Pure Health Pvt Ltd. The goal of the company is to make its latest energy drink Power Up as the superior and leading energy drink in the domestic market initially and then gradually expand in the international market. The mission of the company is to become the leader in producing the energy drink through organic and hygienic process. This report would be discussing the marketing environment audit and marketing plan of the Power Up drink. The report would also evaluate the marketing communication activities of the competitors of Power Up drink in the energy drink sector. Marketing Environment Audit Role of the marketing environment audit Marketing Audit is an efficient examination of a marketing activities, techniques, objectives and environment with a perspective to distinguishing key issues, problem areas and opportunities. It plays a key role in planning the business arrangement for advertising in a specific market and is useful for outlining marketing plan. This process of marketing audit is the part of the audit process by the management which incorporates financial audit, personnel audit and operations audit. The marketing plan will be pretty much comparable to the arrangement of data in which it prepared on. There are different tools and strategies that can be utilized to lead marketing audit. As per Ph. Kotler, M. McDonald and H. Meffert- marketing audit is an exhaustive, precise, free and intermittent examination of activities, environment, goals and procedures of the organization, which expects to recognize issue ranges and opportunities and proposals for further activity to streamline marketing organizatio n. Marketing Audit process is the premise whereupon an arrangement of activity to enhance performance of the marketing process can be fabricated. The marketing audit process gives answers to inquiries: How the organization is performing in accordance to the customer perception, profitability, and market share? What might it accomplish if it keeps on pursuing its present techniques and where it is reaching? What are its methodologies how has it come to here? One of the best tools of analysing the marketing Audit is SWOT analysis. Strength: Power Up is a provocative, audacious, aggressive brand. Being a start up company it has decided to launch lots of promotions and campaigns for the target audiences and also sponsorships. It is organic and fresh juice. Additionally they are creating some focused and aggressive marketing campaigns that indicate clear strategies and goals. Weakness: Weakness is that the company do not have any reputation in the market. People are not aware of the brand. They have small staff. There is a need of lot of hires to train for and proper organizational learning. Since people have become tech-savy setting up good reputation on the internet will be quite difficult. Opportunity: There is a growing need for organic products in the market. Since the company- Pure Health Pvt Ltd will be focusing on using organic ingredients for preparing the energy drink there is an opportunity to capture the organic market. The company would be focusing on Government Programs to support the energy drink promotions. Additionally the new generation target audiences appreciate high-end labels and bottling so this is an opportunity for Pure health to meet the need. Threat: The business sector is growing and expanding with many opportunities, but developments in the technology will be bit difficult to adapt. Any kind of wrong change in the focus of the company may bring in difficulty for the brand to sustain in the competitive market. Additionally many companies in this sector are setting up vertical integration process through setting up their supply and distribution channels. There are huge fluctuations in the prices being supplied. High competition in the market is creating new marketing campaigns. Macro (external) environment The external environment of the company can be analysed using the PESTLE tool (Political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental). Political: The energy drinks politically is under investigation because of occurrences where many energy drink companies consumptions has prompted deaths typically in conjunction with liquor utilization. While these deaths are less but are under the consideration of media. Economic: The industry of energy drink has kept extending at a twofold figure rate for the most recent decade, this development has generally been unaffected by the downturn has outperformed other practically identical commercial enterprises. This is truly a demonstration of the developing ubiquity of energy drinks particularly as they have a tendency to be significantly more extravagant than substitutes, for example, mineral coffee. There is a slowdown of worldwide figures of energy drink in the developed economies. Social: The companies of energy drinks are extremely dynamic on social networking sites, for example, Facebook Twitter. Socially the energy drink brands are seen as cool because of the compelling games picture group sponsorships. This cool picture has helped organizations to turn out to be very famous with clubbers, understudies drivers. However, these drinks get a considerable measure of feedback through new computerized media, for example, sites, particularly in connection to deaths that were brought about by inordinate consumption of energy drink with spirits. Alcohol consumptions together with these energy drinks are truly famous amongst clubbers and students because of the energy it boosts. Additionally, many companies of energy drink are being cleared up in the general health pattern which has existed for as long as couple of years, has brought about the arrival of options for sugar. Technological: Technological factors are essentially restricted to enhanced assembling transport capacity. Development in this industry has a tendency to originate from segmentation of product. The most critical Technological consider the Energy Drinks Industry is the Internet. This creation has permitted individuals over the world interface with the brands from the solace of their home, whether it is viral ads to make buzz on YouTube ever or simply collaborating with their online networking page. Legal: Legitimately there is an expanding measure being taken against every single unhealthy products in the market, for example, sodas, particularly in connection to promoting at kids. Energy drinks specifically are taking a great deal of fire from political foundations which are hoping to utmost their purpose of offer. This is down to two reasons rising stoutness amongst youngsters grown-ups, likewise the prominent deaths connected with the consumption of energy drink. Environmental: While there is sure contaminations cause by the assembling of energy drinks. The Industry is exceptionally centered on packaging reusing. The most well-known type of packaging is the aluminium can which is 100% recyclable. A percentage of the least expensive brands do use packaging using plastic for their products however these are less recyclable. Key contemporary trends The sales of energy drinks worldwide came to 44 billion in 2014 (about $49.9 billion), as indicated by BeverageDaily.com, an online news administration covering the beverage and food industry. That is a 5% increment more than 2013 deals. Energy drinks are a piece of the more extensive soft drink classification, which incorporates carbonated refreshments, foods grown from the sports drinks, bottled water, vegetable juices and refreshment concentrates. The market of energy drink has become saturated, making it hard for little and new organizations to contend. No organizations seem to represent a genuine risk to Rockstar, Monster or Red Bull performance. There may be room in the market for energy drink in for organizations that separate themselves from the main players' brands, which look strikingly comparative in their publicizing, advancements, and sponsorships. Contenders face difficulties, for example, circulation, getting rack space, and by and large offering something interesting from the huge three- Red Bull, Rockstar and Monster. Second trend in the market of energy drink is with extra fixings that should improve athletic execution and recuperation. We may additionally begin seeing more energy drinks beetroot extract and creatine, n-acetyl-l-tyrosine, protein, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Other moderately new mixed bags of existing energy drink have offering focuses like no caffeine, no calories, no sugar and no carbs. There are additionally espresso flavours and non-carbonated flavours. Other promoting methods incorporate restricted version beverages offered just in certain store chains and flavours customized for distinctive nations. The non-alcoholic drink industry has been changed due to the introduction of this energy drinks in the market. As Generation Y ages, they will expand favour energy drinks that fit into a healthier, more develop way of life. Drink organizations ready to exploit this demographic movement will wind up on top. With close indistinguishable choices customers get confounded and head to solidness as the first-mover this has a tendency to be Red Bull. Beast handled this test by presenting items and flavours for each taste realizing that once a client in the end attempted and discovered a Monster beverage they appreciated they'd be more inclined to attempt other Monster items later on. Creature is as yet focusing on the same market as Red Bull however its doing as such with item separation. Differentiation in terms of experience, quality, price, packaging and ingredients can be verging on any. Porters Five Forces analysis Substitute threats: The threat of substitutes is high for the energy drinks in the market. Various energy products, sodas, fruit juices, soft drinks are available in the market. The consumers have many choices to meet their needs. Rivalry threat: Presently there are many energy drinks brands in the market like Rockstars, Red Bull, Monster etc. Red Bull has already captured the energy drink market with major market share. There is threat is high from the present competitors in the market. New entrants threat: The energy drink market has already reached its saturation. But still many entrants are entering the market. Companies like Pepsi, Coca Cola are also planning to introduce their own energy drink. Since the entering cost is less in this industry many new entrants are entering and creating high threat. Bargaining power of suppliers: The suppliers bargaining power is less as the raw materials and ingredients are easily available. Bargaining power of buyers: The bargaining power of customers is high as there is high availability of products in the market to switch too. Any chances in this area can decrease the purchasing power. Marketing Plan SMART objectives The objectives of the organization are: To achieve minimum of 40% market share within 2017 in the energy drink market sector To offer the best quality drink and best service to the customers, employee value and expand in the international markets like Asia, USA and Australia Developing an online shopping process with 2017 for busy target audiences STP strategy Power Up is a way of life and self-expression brand image that engages the more youthful ladies portion of the millennial generation. Digital and social networking is the favoured approach to achieve the objective business sector, and a lot of advertising ought to be committed in this area. A wellbeing cognizant item with no calories, carbs, or sugar will be offered to speak to the millennial market overall. Labelled product data is additionally imperative to these subcultures, and the brand will be speaking to the transparent and authentic prerequisites of the group. This shows that the Power Up initially would be following benefit segmentation. Power Up will diversify the drink market by being organic in its nature. This drink will help to lessen the fat formation in the ladies' body furthermore serves to stimulate and be strong and energetic throughout the day. Power Up will be targeted in two categories: secondary target audiences like Amusement Parks, hotels, mall, restaurants, Movie Theatres, Airports or Railway, Pharmaceutical shops, Supermarkets and shops. Additionally the primary market would be the women of age 20-40 years old, who love to have more nutritional products, are health conscious and are price sensitive. Power up will be positioned as the low price product with high quality nutrients. The company will be using the penetration strategy which targets the price sensitive people and also helps to enter the market. It is purely organic in its nature and uses only vegetables, fruits and dry fruits. 7Ps of Marketing Association ought to dependably dispatch a fruitful product marketing mix with correct place, right value, utilizing the right marketing promotions for the products. 7P's is a developed marketing mix that comprises of promotion, place, price and products, physical evidence, process and people. Product: There are three different levels of product- core, augmented and actual. What the customers are actually getting from the brand or the products is the core benefit. The core benefit of Power Up is to keep the women energetic, refresh their mind and reduce fat. The actual benefit of the product is that it is 100% organic. The extra benefit that makes the product augmented is post- purchase service provided to the customers to collect their feedback. The product life cycle is divided into four different stages, introduction stage, growth stage, maturity stage and decline stage. The Power Up is in the introduction stage. The product sales in this stage are low and are vital at this stage to make the clients mindful of this item and its advantages. The promoting expense at this stage is high for Pure Health as there is a fast need to expand the attention to the buyers. Place: Product will be launched initially in main cities of UK and then would try to capture the untapped markets. Consumers can buy this energy drink Power Up from pharmaceutical shops, any super markets and other shops like sweets shops, beverages shops etc. Additionally by 2017 the organisation would be opening an online shopping place where people can buy from sitting at home. Price: The Company would be following a penetration pricing strategy which will offer low cost product in its introduction stage of life cycle then gradually increase the prices as and when they keep growing in the market. The prices are: 50 Oz Can: 1.00 16 Oz PET Bottle:0.75 8 Oz PET Bottle: 0.30 Promotion: For promoting the product in the UK market the company would be using Internet marketing. The product will be displayed in the Facebook, Twitter and website along with its benefits. A free health e-book will be provided to the women to take care beauty and health. Additionally, TV advertising will also be used. The promotion will be basically indicated amid the time when ladies revive themselves by seeing TV in all the channels. Here the local lady would be highlighting the product as a brand ambassador. Addition print media will also be used. The product will be promoted in the national magazine after the grand opening of the 3 branches in UK. People: The advancement key is the remunerating framework and inspiration in the association to address the issues of the representatives and thus meeting the clients need. Training and development will be the key method to prepare the workers to comprehend the business sector and present the item in the business sector. Physical evidence: Power Up, will be intensely actualizing the digitisation process for watching the needs of ladies and their patterns of being solid and delightful by being accessible on facebook and own sites. The items will likewise be sold in fundamental urban communities of UK at first and afterward will be extending in different urban areas as well. Process: To achieve better sales revenue the following process will be used: Source: Made By Author Promotional strategy The Power Up will use the focus generic business strategy of Michael Porter. It is utilizations the niche marketing strategy by concentrating on a solitary target market. In this method the association primarily concentrates on few target audiences like Women. This helps the company have strong benefits over its competitors in the market. It utilizes both the variations of Focus system that is cost concentrate by looking for expense advantage by setting low value contrasted with the rivals in the objective portion furthermore differentiations concentrate by making 100% organic drink using vegetables or fruits and dry fruits mix. As Power Up is serving the clients exceptionally, the company have a tendency to build up strong image of the brand utilizing this product, expand brand dedication furthermore expand the benefit (Kossowski, 2007). Additionally, branding also plays a vital role in the promoting the product. Branding reflects the nature and number of all the elements of a brand that the organisation offers. Traditionally there are three main branding options: Individual brand, family brand and corporate brand. Individual Branding: Every brand has an alternate name, putting it into an acknowledged competition against diverse brands from the same association. Individual brand names ordinarily allow more noticeable versatility by permitting a blend of unmistakable things, of shifting quality, to be sold without bewildering the customer's impression of what business the association is in or debilitating higher item quality (Wright, 2006). Family Brand: A typical name for brand is used for all the results of the association. The goodwill joined with the family name of the brand points of interest all brands and the use of the name in notification of one brand helps the progression of every single one of brands passing on the family name (Davis, 2010). Corporate Branding: Here the association utilizes the organization name as a part of item being dispatched (Kotler and Pfoertsch, 2010). Pure Health Pvt Ltd will be utilizing individual brand name for Power Up which would just be concentrating on the Women's energy and health in UK first. The slogan that will be used for this make it balance with Power Up. This slogan is chosen to show how women need to balance their career and home both equally (Shimp and Shimp, 2007). Additionally a TV advert will be used. To highlight the energy effect and the nutritional value of Power Up, the company uses the broadcast media platform to promote the product. It uses the support of doctor to highlight the value of the ingredients present in Power Up(Shimp, 2010). Picking the casting, the company, shuns the allure and soundness of nearby local Woman from UK will be chosen as the brand ambassador of Power Up, adjusting both her career and home effectively with energy till day ends. This would be a TV advert for 57mins highlights the obligations of ladies as a mother, calling furthermore wife and the tiredness she feels by the day's end, as yet staying with numerous obligations to finish. Having the Power Up drink she feels new, enthusiastic and again starts her work with fresh mind and energy. Toward the end it will demonstrate the offer of buy 1 get one free (Shah, 2014). Additionally bulletin campaigns will also be used. An innovative outlining of Billboard can be hard to draw in and miss in thought from miles around. Bulletins are the most surely understood appearance of open air promoting. Broad and prominently set, promoting workplaces are industriously considering new and innovative ways to deal with use them to grab the thought and inventive vitality of their proposed target audiences (Fillis and Rentschler, 2006). Evaluation of the Competitors Marketing Communications Activities Energy Drink is a developing area. Canadian, a worldwide refreshment statistical surveying association, expresses that in the previous ten years, caffeinated drinks' volume has more than quadrupled crosswise over both nations. The business volume is required to grow however at a lower rate, showing of a quick drawing closer develop business sector state (Langley 2013). As per the Canadean, various elements have expanded caffeinated drinks' volume. These components incorporate the accompanying: expanded purchaser premium, new buyers, expanding of item varieties, and expanded advertising. Red Bull caffeinated beverage is driving the business sector of caffeinated drink in a matter of seconds. The business volume for caffeinated beverages is relied upon to increment but at a lower rate, demonstrating of a quick drawing closer develops business state (Langley 2013). In 2012, Red Bull was the second biggest brand driving development altogether Non-Alcoholic Beverages altogether Supermarkets. Red Bull remains the world's most-expended caffeinated beverage with 5.2 billion jars sold in 2012 (euromonitor.com, 2013). Red Bull Energy Drink has 13 stock keeping units over various sizes, flavours, and configurations including the Energy Drink, Sugar free, and The Editions (fmcg.co.nz, 2014). Red Bull propelled new releases because of its mind-boggling pattern in the classification, demonstrating that shoppers were requesting expanded decision inside of their most loved caffeinated beverage brands. In October 2012, Red Bull discharged three new flavor variations The Blue Edition (Blueberry), The Silver Edition (Lime), and The Red Edition (Cranberry) (fmcg.co.nz, 2014). Red Bull aluminum container supplanted the current glass bottle in September 2012. This was a development for a caffeinated beverage to move far from glass jugs to give the buyer a novel drinking background (fmcg.co.nz, 2014) The present purchaser patterns for the caffeinated beverages section incorporate refreshment and premium evaluating. Refreshment The line between caffeinated beverages and carbonated drinks are starting to obscure. Already, shoppers requested caffeinated beverages only for practical reasons and searched somewhere else for refreshment. Today, customers are requesting that drinks give utilitarian advantages and refreshment (fmcg.co.nz, 2014). Premium valuing Consumers are willing to pay a premium cost if the item conveys an important recommendation that is taste, mixed bag, practical advantages, and refreshment (fmcg.co.nz, 2014). Practical advantages identify with expanding body vitality without the utilization of drug. Consequently, caffeinated beverages were at first well known with sportspeople. However, today, overall public is requesting refreshment and vitality for routine workdays (fmcg.co.nz, 2014). In 2011, Red Bull $185 million caffeinated savers class Australia by owing 36 % (Blain 2011). Red Bull has additionally possessed the capacity to keep up its authority by taking after specific procedures recorded underneath. Launch Red Bull Editions, aluminium container presented (Energy drinks 2014) Owns wide circulation channel like contender V (Blain 2011). Sponsors and claims great sport's universal groups Advertise internationally 5.3 billion jars sold in 2013 (Company 2014). The ever green free drink promoting strategy. Slogan "Red Bull Gives You Wings" rouses competitors and the adolescent (Oswald, 2015). Red Bull actualized Wall-to-Wall Production at the creation site which means jars are fabricated and filled on the same site. In this manner, more than 7,000,000km of truck travel is spared every year in light of the fact that void jars are not transported for filling. One end to the other Production additionally spares 5,313 tons of CO2 emanations each year (Can lifecycle 2014). Red Bull is profoundly included in corporate social obligation. Red Bull jars are light in weight and 100% recyclable. Reusing a Red Bull can takes 95% less vitality than making one. Red Bull GmbH intentionally changed to aluminium jars. The jars weight 60% less weight and spares valuable crude material. Likewise the jars can be reused again and again without loss of value (Can lifecycle 2014). Positioning map of Power Up In the map it is seen that the position of Power Up in the market is analysed, against the market share and the brand loyalty. The market share is taken in the vertical axis and the brand loyalty is taken in the horizontal axis. The market share of Red Bull is the highest in the market so as the brand loyalty. The people prefer red bull than any other beverage, and it is closely followed by Monster and Rockstar. Power Up has a low market share compared to the others. In the year 2014, it was seen that the market share of Red Bull was 43%, followed by Monster 39% and Rockstar 10%, it is seen that Power Up has less than 10% market share and NOS has a market share of 3%. Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that the report has effectively analysed the marketing plans and audit of a new energy drink launched by a startup. The drink is named as Power Up which is introduced by Pure Health Pvt Ltd. The drink is targeted towards the women of age 20-40years are health conscious and are price sensitive. The report finds that Power up would be using the benefit segmentation. It would segment the market based on the value it adds to the consumers. The report also makes a competitor analysis of the product. The main competitor is Red Bull. It is found that is uses its CSR activities, market leadership strategies, consumer trends and also product variations. For marketing audit it is suggested that PESTLE analysis and also SWOT analysis is the best tool to audit the external and internal environment of the report. References Belch, G. and Belch, M. (2012). Advertising and promotion. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Blain, S. (2011). Popular energy drinks have the majors buzzing. [online] TheAustralian. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/popular-energy-drinks-have-the-majors-buzzing/story-e6frg8zx-1225985880656 [Accessed 9 Jun. 2015]. Can Lifecycle, (2014). Red Bull Can - Sustainability and Environment :: Energy Drink :: Red Bull. [online] Energydrink.redbull.com. Available at: https://energydrink.redbull.com/can-lifecycle [Accessed 9 Jun. 2015]. Company, (2014). Red Bull the company - Who makes Red Bull? Red Bull Origin :: Energy Drink :: Red Bull. [online] Energydrink.redbull.com. Available at: https://energydrink.redbull.com/company [Accessed 9 Jun. 2015]. Davis, J. (2010). Competitive success. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: John Wiley. euromonitor.com, (2013). RED BULL GMBH IN SOFT DRINKS (WORLD). [online] Available at: https://www.euromonitor.com/medialibrary/PDF/RedBull-Company-Profile-SWOT-Analysis.pdf [Accessed 9 Jun. 2015]. Fillis, I. and Rentschler, R. (2006). Creative marketing. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. fmcg.co.nz, (2014). Energy drinks. [online] Available at: https://www.fmcg.co.nz/features/category-reports/1569-energy-drinks [Accessed 9 Jun. 2015]. Kotler, P. and Pfoertsch, W. (2010). Ingredient branding. Heildelberg: Springer. Langley, S. (2013). Australia and NZs unique energy drinks markets. [online] Ausfoodnews.com.au. Available at: https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2013/05/22/australia-and-nz%e2%80%99s-%e2%80%98unique%e2%80%99-energy-drinks-markets.html [Accessed 9 Jun. 2015]. Oswald, L. (2015). Creating Value: The Theory and Practice of Marketing Semiotics Research. Oxford University Press. Shah, K. (2014). Advertising and integrated marketing communicatons. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Education (India). Shimp, T. (2010). Integrated marketing communications in advertising and promotion. Mason: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Shimp, T. and Shimp, T. (2007). Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Wright, L. (2006). Consumer empowerment. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub.

Research Proposal on Unilever Essay Example

Research Proposal on Unilever Essay Unilever is the Anglo-Dutch company which is called one of the leaders in the production of the consumer goods, foods products, cleaning agents, perfumes, etc. The company is headquartered in London and Rotterdam. Unilever was founded in 1930 after the union of the two companies: the Dutch producer of margarine â€Å"Margarine Unie† and the prominent British company which specialized in the manufacturing of soap â€Å"Lever Brothers†. The logic of the union of these two different companies is quite simple, because both companies imported the same product for the production of their goods – the palm oil, which was imported from the foreign plantations. Both firms decided to save money on the transportation and purchase of the oil and bought it in the high quantities reducing expenditures and increasing profit. Unilever has a long history of success and its strategy is supposed to be quite wise because it purchased the rival companies on the market and gradually became the leader in the production of the consumer goods, though in 2000 the union of â€Å"Procter Gamble† and â€Å"Gillette† left the company on the second place. Unilever is a successful company which owns such well-known brands which are recognized all over the world as the perfume Calvin Klein, soap Dove, the products of personal care like Timotei, Axe, Rexona, Domestos, Sunsilk, etc. Nearly 44% of the company’s sales are organized in the developing countries and Unilever satisfies 2/3 of the personal care product demands in these parts of the world. The personnel of Unilever is about 174 thousand employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Unilever specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Unilever specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Unilever specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Unilever is the example of a successful development of a company and the student is able to learn about it more and suggest their own research approach towards the analysis of its activity, strong and weak sides. It is a plus if the student suggests his own original points and questions for the research in order to make the research proposal interesting and worth professor’s attention. The young professional can generate the best methods for the research on Unilever and choose the most adequate sources to accumulate reliable and up-to-date facts and arguments. The student’s research is expected to be constructive, quality and touch upon the relevant issues of the functioning of the company. A good research proposal can be written with the help of the assistance of the Internet and a free example research proposal on Unilever written in the Internet. Professional writers and editors work hard for the student’s advantage and brainstorm the effective free sample research proposal on Unilever to teach students to analyze the issue in the appropriate way, choose the right methods for the research and construct the text logically. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Unilever topics. Your proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

The Best Blog Photography Tips (+128 Free Images)

The Best Blog Photography Tips (+128 Free Images) You never really know a person until you see things from his point of viewclimb into his skin and walk around in it,† says Atticus in one of my favorite books, To Kill A Mockingbird. Whether youre a solo blogger or a content marketer in a large enterprise, we are all seeking to do just that. We want  to see life from our audience’s perspective so we can meet them in that moment with a message that will resonate.  This is an immense challenge we face when were writing everything all the time. However, these blog photography tips can help bring life to your content in a very powerful and beautiful way. Not everyone feels comfortable  behind the camera. In fact, a common struggle today is finding imagery that’s quality†¦ and unique†¦ and free. That’s a lot to ask for, but it exists.  So I’d love to walk you through the in’s and out’s of finding beautiful imagery that will resonate with your blog readers. The Best Blog Photography Tips (+128 Free Images) You never really know a person until you see things from his point of viewclimb into his skin and walk around in it,† says Atticus in one of my favorite books, To Kill A Mockingbird. Whether youre a solo blogger or a content marketer in a large enterprise, we are all seeking to do just that. We want  to see life from our audience’s perspective so we can meet them in that moment with a message that will resonate.  This is an immense challenge we face when were writing everything all the time. However, these blog photography tips can help bring life to your content in a very powerful and beautiful way. Not everyone feels comfortable  behind the camera. In fact, a common struggle today is finding imagery that’s quality†¦ and unique†¦ and free. That’s a lot to ask for, but it exists.  So I’d love to walk you through the in’s and out’s of finding beautiful imagery that will resonate with your blog readers.

Lab Report - Blood Flow and Vascular Function Article

Lab Report - Blood Flow and Vascular Function - Article Example It is the sympathetic nervous system which sends out signals to arteries instructing the smooth muscle, arterial wall to contract and relax. Veins are the other type of major blood vessel and are responsible for carrying blood towards and into the heart, in order to become oxygenated. Veins operate under lower pressure than arteries and do not possess the same elasticity that arteries do. Veins transport unoxygenated blood as opposed to arteries which carry oxygenated blood. Veins, like arteries, have lumens, but they are comparably wider than the lumens of arteries. Veins are composed of venules, which are tiny blood vessels that pull blood from capillaries into the actual vein. Veins are actually composed of three tissue layers but are less elastic than the walls of arteries. The regulation of blood flow during exercise is governed by the demands of the muscle tissue being used. Certainly, when an individual is exercising, the heart rate increasing as a response to the body’s immediate need for larger amounts of oxygenated blood. The body’s blood flow rate can increase during exercise by as much as 20 times more than what it is at rest. During periods of exercise, all of the body’s capillaries are opened and in use versus the mere  ¼ of the body’s capillaries which are used at rest. During periods of exercise, the body experiences what is called low oxygen tension. This is a result of the use of multiple muscular groups during periods of heavy activity. In addition, vasodilators are released as the demand for oxygenated blood throughout the body increases, â€Å"Low oxygen tensions resulting from greatly increased muscular activity or the release of vasodilator substances such as lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and potassium ions causes dilation of precapillary sphincters. Increased sympathetic stimulation and epinephrine released from the adrenal medulla cause some vasoconstriction in the

Database Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Database Management - Research Paper Example The fact that decision making administrators are ready to adopt and deploy better options but having problems of finding the trained professionals for the job. As technology grows, data is generated and collected at a much faster rate. However, its management has always been an arduous process and has never kept up the pace. Therefore, new methods of searching, sorting, and storing huge raw data in a more meaningful way are needed. Storage is cheap but its chances of repeated utilization make it more valuable than the rest of the saved information. Businesses and companies are more worried about storing the ‘Bad Data’ and thus allocating more money to ensure data quality and its consistency in the long term. What makes data too much or too little and declaring its size just right can not be defined. Keeping data for an indefinite period does not necessarily mean that it is useless. What is more important is the data warehousing techniques. Data extraction, cleansing, dat a duplication and overlapping may reduce the load on the database technology in place. At the enterprise level, people are spending more money for data management and its protection.

MySpace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MySpace - Essay Example It truly represents a new generation in interpersonal communication and establishes a model for how the power of the internet can be leveraged to bring social networking to a whole new level. People are able to learn about others in a way they never before would have imagined. They can choose to engage with others based on a heightened level of knowledge and information that was rarely available prior to the advent of MySpace.com. Interpersonal communication has accomplished no less than enabling civilization as we know it to exist. It has evolved and advanced over millennia in order to adapt to ever changing socialization needs. Today's society is driven by technology. The ultimate destination for interpersonal communication is arguably a kind of networked culture in which the thoughts and ideas of each person are readily available to every other person. The power of the internet is essential to that end. MySpace.com is one of the pioneers in leveraging internet technology to make a giant leap toward the kind of networked social circle that is likely to be the most prevalent form of interpersonal interaction in the future. MySpace.com enables users to create their own web page containing blogs that describe their interests. It facilitates meeting friends with similar interests by allowing them to send e-mails through the site, join interest groups, and rate one another. Users can customize pages by adding photos, colors, designs and personal information. They can connect with others who share similar interests by joining groups based on preferences. For example, there are groups relating to religion, sports, food, nightlife and many other interests. MySpace's music interest groups have been the site of song premiers by such artists as Madonna, Coldplay, Neil Diamond and Depeche Mode. The site has become so popular that it receives more hits than eBay and Google. The traffic generated by the site has made it sought after by advertisers, with mass-marketers such as Target placing ads on the site, and new motion pictures being promoted there. Its tremendous popularity is a testament to the extent to which the site has filled a void in modern interpersonal communication in the technological age. This type of online networked social interaction solution has become an important outlet for communication. The anonymity of the internet has caused some problems when it comes to usage and application of services like MySpace. Teens often post photographs of themselves, as well as detailed personal information that could put them in danger. There have been reports of sexual predators trolling the site for potential victims; and investigations into sexual assaults that have occurred where teens have met the alleged perpetrators on MySpace. The site has caused great concern among parents who have observed indiscrete postings by their own and other children that contain provocative photos and personal details that could put their children at risk. MySpace has cats a spotlight on the risks of interpersonal communication in the age of the internet. How can it be observed Observation of MySpace.com has become a major concern for many parents, who have seen first hand the dangers the site may pose to unwitting children. While MySpace does have

Impact of Malaysias Recession on Undergraduate Start-up

Impact of Malaysias Recession on Undergraduate Start-up Chapter 1 1.0 Introduction This part contains research background which illustrates basic knowledge for readers to understand better on the research. Problem statement and objectives tell the reasons why this research is done. Basically this part is significance for introducing the whole research. Other information includes scope and assumption, definition and abbreviation, limitation and significance of the research and research outline. 1.1 Research Background Recession occurs when the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of a country falls below 5-10 per cent, lasting for two or more quarters consecutively. The GDP is the total market value of services, goods, investment and labour created within a country in a given period of time, which is usually one year. Frankly speaking, it is said that a recession is a less severe downturn in the economy, and it has a tendency of getting resolved faster compare to the great depression. The differences between a recession and a depression is, recession is a regular economic downturn that lasts for about 6 months to 1Â ½ years, and a depression is a sharp downturn lasting a number of years. Generally a recession occurs when there is more than 5% people are unemployed for a period of 6-18 months, whereas a depression occurs when more than 10% people are unemployed for a longer period of time lasting years. Different people had different perception towards a recession. For example, it means a recession for a retailer when his sales drop from 5% to 20%. To stockbrokers, it means a fall in the prices of stocks. The fall of demand and production means a recession for manufacturers. For normal people, recession can happened in two ways either a significant increase in prices, known as inflation, or a decrease in prices, known as deflation. If there is a decrease in prices, it caused by people that are having less money to spend or chooses not to spend as much money; it leads to the lowering of the GDP. Whereas, when there is an increase in the prices it will reduce of public as well as private purchase power and it causes the GDP to decrease. (Makhsudul Islam, n.d.) As a highly open economy, Malaysia has been affected by the deepening global economic recession. After growing by 7% in the first half of 2008, the Malaysian economy recorded a growth of 0.1% in the fourth quarter of 2008, and contracted by 6.2% in the first quarter of 2009, as a result of a sharp decline in exports. Given the expectation of a more pronounced global recession, the Malaysian economy is projected to contract by 4 5% in 2009. Conditions are expected to improve in the second half year particularly in the fourth quarter and going into 2010. Amidst the unfavourable external conditions, support to the economy will be from domestic demand, following the implementation of a significant fiscal stimulus, the cumulative accommodative monetary policy actions and the continued access to financing. The Malaysian economy is expected to experience the full impact of the global economic downturn in 2009. In response, several policy measures have been put in place with a primary focus on supporting domestic demand as well as mitigating the impact of the global slowdown on the affected segments of the economy A great deal of emphasis has been placed on nurturing the next generation of Malaysian entrepreneurs with programmes and initiatives that expose youth to business culture and cultivate entrepreneurship. This was designed to prepare youth to be independent and self employed later in life, if they choose this career path. In 2008, the Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation (SMIDEC) in collaboration with the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) introduced the SME University Internship Programme to train and develop budding entrepreneurs among graduates. The programme links SMEs to universities, thus enhancing the synergy between industry and academia to upgrade the capacity and capability of SMEs. Under this Programme, final-year students under the tutelage of their lecturers, SMIDECs SME Business Counsellors and the SME Expert Advisory Panel (SEAP) provide consultancy, advisory and mentoring services to SMEs with the aim to upgrade the companies operations in packaging, branding, marketing, accounts and technical areas. As for the graduates, the programme provided exposure to industry and real-life day-to-day issues faced by SMEs, enabling them to make practical applications of their studies and sharpen their interests to venture into business. Meanwhile, to facilitate unemployed graduates and school leavers to venture into the retail sector, the Ministry of Domestic Trade, Cooperatives and Consumerism (MDTCC) conducted the Train and Work Programme benefiting 1,000 individuals. The programme was aimed at providing training and career development in operating hypermarkets, exposing participants to the retail sub-sector and inculcating entrepreneurial culture. To assist start-up businesses, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) continued to provide Matching Grant for Business Start-ups via its agency, SMIDEC which benefited 1,400 SMEs. (SME AR, 2008) In this paper, we are going to discuss factors that affecting undergraduates start-up decision in entrepreneurship point of view. During the recession, most of the start-up is a necessity entrepreneurship. The 2004 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) report shows that there is great variability in the relative distribution of opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship across the 34 countries in the GEM sample. GRM 2004 had distinguished between necessity entrepreneurship, and opportunity entrepreneurship. According to GEM 2004, a necessity entrepreneurship is which has to become an entrepreneur because no better option and an opportunity entrepreneurship is an active choice to start a new enterprise based on the perception that a unexploited, or underexploited business opportunity exists. The opportunity entrepreneurs are more prevalent in high-income countries (such as France, the United Kingdom and the United States), while necessity entrepreneurs are more common in the low-incom e countries (such as Hungary and Poland). Accordingly, it may be argued that in developed countries opportunity entrepreneurship is linked to economic growth, while in most developing countries necessity entrepreneurship exists because of low growth. It may be that because richer countries are characterized by a more developed labour market or access to stronger safety nets (social welfare), there is a lower need for starting up a business and that therefore these countries exhibit lower necessity-based entrepreneurial activity rates. (Reynolds, Bygrave Autio, 2004) 1.2 Problem Statement The factors that affecting undergraduates start-up decision was chosen to be area of study with due of the following reason: Malaysia is having recession, various policies had been made to counter this crisis and we could see that government is stressing on the role of entrepreneurs in helping Malaysia to come out from the recession. We need to identify undergraduates perception and their supportiveness to entrepreneurship as they maybe the pool of unemployment in this crisis. Graduates unemployment rate had keep increasing; it is believe to reach a critical high rate in this long recession. Start-up can be a good ways for them in overcoming this problem. Now we need to recognize what are the forces that push undergraduates to start-up in despite of recession. Basically the main problem statement and research direction is to answer this question: 1) What are the factors that influence undergraduates to start-up during recession? 1.3 Research Objectives The objectives of this research are: 1) To understand how undergraduates perceive the role of entrepreneurship and start-up in stimulating Malaysia economic during recession. 2) To identify factors that influence undergraduates to start-up in despite recession 1.4 Significance of the Research This research is significant because it distinguish undergraduates perception on entrepreneurship role in this economic crisis. Economists had clarified the importance of entrepreneurship in economic recovery, but many people didnt realise it. Most of the people are fear to start their business in the downturn even they are jobless. In their view, start-up during recession is too risky and couldnt create enough benefits for them to try it compare to the loss possibility. This perception is negative in helping Malaysia economic recovery and relief jobless people from the unemployment. In this paper, undergraduates are tested on their willingness to start-up and what are the causes that may influence them to make such decision. This is significance as undergraduates unemployment rate had being an issue in Malaysia for many years. A large number of undergraduates will jobless in the recession and this incident could be solve by start-up. 1.5 Limitation of the Research Some of the respondents may not have sufficient background knowledge about this research so they may not understand or misunderstand the question asked. There are a lot of economics terms which maybe unfamiliar and create confuse for the respondents. It also cannot be discounted that the respondents might have completed the questionnaire without giving serious review on the question in the survey as they could try to be compassionate and sympathetic to assist the undergraduate to complete the project. As this research is a non-sponsor research, the limited expense budget has significant influence on the population sample size. Therefore, there were some limitations with respect to the analysis and data that may affect the accuracy of the results. 1.6 Outline of the Research This study is divided into 5 chapters. Chapter 1: Introduction It introduces general information of this research, especially in the Malaysia context. It also briefly discussed the background of the study. This is followed by a brief on problem statement and objectives of the study, which is the most important section of this chapter. In addition, the, limitations of the research, the significance of the study, the scope and assumption are described. Chapter 2: Literature Review Literature review presents some basic knowledge and theories relating to the research variables. This chapter will provide the information needed to answer the research question. The review is the foundation for developing a conceptual framework in the next chapter. Chapter 3: Methodology This chapter is an important chapter of this study. It includes the research variables, conceptual framework, hypothesis and the research methodology. This chapter describes the conceptual framework which is the basis for designing questionnaire. The hypothesis formed will be tested too by the result of the questionnaire. Chapter 4: Results and Discussions This chapter presents and statistical analyses the raw data collected from the survey. The statistical relationship of the data is logically interpreted, discussed and argued to make sense on the findings. The results and findings will be discussed deeply on the consequences and effect for each variable. Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations This section will precede an overall summary of the study and propose discussion after conducting the entire research. Moreover, in this chapter it will also stated the limitation of the study and yet it will propose the suggestion for future research. A conclusion is made and which must answered the problem statement propose before. 1.7 Definition and Abbreviations Definitions used by researchers are often not conform, so it is important to define the positions and views taken in this thesis in regards to some key concepts. Definitions of core constructs will also be dealt with in more depth when the various literatures are discussed. Providing an overview here will give readers a clearer understanding of important concepts. Recession: A period of general economic decline; typically defined as a decline in GDP for two or more consecutive quarters. A recession is typically accompanied by a drop in the stock market, an increase in unemployment, and a decline in the housing market. Entrepreneurship: The assumption of risk and responsibility in designing and implementing a business strategy or starting a business. Start-up: A new business venture SME: Small Medium Enterprise GEM: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Fiscal Policy: The use of government spending and revenue collection to influence the economy Monetary Policy: The process by which the government, central bank, or monetary authority of a country controls (i) the supply of money, (ii) availability of money, and (iii) cost of money or rate of interest, in order to attain a set of objectives oriented towards the growth and stability of the economy Market concentration: Is a function of the number of firms and their respective shares of the total production (alternatively, total capacity or total reserves) in a market FRB: Federal Reserve Bank 1.8 Scope and Key Assumptions The scope of the population sample covers undergraduates majoring in Bachelor of Business Administration in Malaysia. The sample is selected from the final year student of a university. All of the respondents are assumed to have basic business knowledge and some acquiring knowledge on entrepreneurship, economic recession and government policy implemented in Malaysia. Most of the population samples are chosen from Malacca region. Assumptions on the respondents are as follows: l Respondents have basic business knowledge and understand economic terms used in the questionnaire l Respondents are familiar with current economic condition and policy implemented in Malaysia l Respondents are honest in their responses to the survey and are not influenced by hearsays in completing the questionnaire. 1.9 Conclusions This chapter has laid the foundation for this research. It introduced the research objectives and raise up the research question.. The research was justified, definitions were presented, the scope and assumption was briefly described, the report was outlined, and the limitations were given. On these foundations, this paper can proceed with a detailed description of the research. Chapter 2 2.0 Literature Review This chapter gives an overview of literature that is related to the research problem presented in the previous chapter. This chapter will introduce the factors that affecting undergraduates start-up and how this factor influence their decisions. Besides, it still covers some definition and experts opinion about the variables in order to give a clear idea about the research area. 2.1 Job Opportunity Tay (2009) point out that in Malaysia, traditional medicine company Hai-O has successfully helped thousands of ordinary Malaysian bumiputeras becomes millionaires through its entrepreneurship development business model. In times of economic slowdown, Malaysian companies should emulate Hai-Os example to create opportunities and employment for the people. The government should also quickly initiate an entrepreneurial development campaign for all races based on merit, since this is one of the measures to create self-employment and counter the economic crisis. In the midst of record unemployment, a new Kauffman Foundation-funded U.S. Census Bureau study reports that startup companies are a major contributor to job creation. The Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) also indicate that while business startups decline slightly in most of the cyclical downturns, startups remain robust even in the most severe recession over the sample period (in the early 1980s). Job growth is essential for our economy to rebound, and this study shows that new firms have historically been an important source of new jobs in the United States, said Robert E. Litan, vice president of Research and Policy at the Kauffman Foundation, which funded the BDS. Our research into the early years of business formation consistently shows how vital new firms are to our economy, and this data should give policymakers and budding entrepreneurs alike great hope for how we can solve our current crisis—create and grow jobs through entrepreneurship. (Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 2009 Jan) The BDS data show that employment accounted for by U.S. private-sector business startups over the 1980-2005 period was about 3 percent per year. While still a small fraction of overall employment, these jobs from startups reflect new jobs, which is a large percentage compared to the average annual net employment growth of the U.S. private sector for the same period (about 1.8 percent). This pattern implies that, if you exclude the jobs from new firms, the U.S. net employment growth rate is negative on average. Micro firms (firms with one to four employees) accounted for a large percentage of new jobs in any given year—about 20 percent on average. Although substantially larger startup firms (those with 250 to 499 employees) created a considerably smaller percentage of jobs in any given year—about 1.3 percent of employment in this firm-size class—their numbers still are substantial relative to net growth. Although the overall business startup rate in the BDS does not exhibit much of a trend, the data do reveal a declining trend in the micro-firm business startup rate. This may reflect compositional changes in sectors such as retail trade, where there is ample evidence of substantial shifts away from small, single-establishment firms to large, national firms. (Haltiwanger, Miranda, Jarmin, 2009) Entrepreneurs will be the foundation of our nations economic recovery because they start and grow businesses that create jobs. Research indicates that former employees are often receptive to starting a new business during a recession. A Kauffman Foundation-funded U.S. Census Bureau study released in January reports that startup companies are a major contributor to job creation. The Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) also indicate that while business startups decline slightly in most of the cyclical downturns, startups remain robust even in the most severe recession over the sample period .( in the early 1980s) (Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation,2009 Feb) The relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment is analyzed by Audretsch, Carree, Thurik (2001) in an econometric model covering 23 OECD countries between 1974-1998. They find a complex relationship between the two variables. Defining entrepreneurship as firm start-ups there is both a positive effect of unemployment on entrepreneurship (the shopkeeper or refugee effect) as well as a negative relation (the Schumpeter effect). The GEM (2000) concludes that there is a strong relationship between entrepreneurial activities, defined as start-up activities, and economic growth. In the study, this definition of entrepreneurship is claimed to constitute the singularly most important factor for economic growth. In an econometric analysis of Sweden 1976-95, FÃ ¶lster (2000) finds significant support for the hypothesis that an increase in self-employment has a positive effect on overall employment. Another study of Sweden by Davidsson, Lindmark, Olofsson (1994) finds that 70 % of the new net jobs are generated in the small business sector in the period 1985-89. A further emphasis is that most of the new firms are not growth oriented, but are founded on a hobby or subsistence motive. Thus, small firms are important to the economy because of their large number but a vast majority of the upstarts will remain micro firms. Blanchflower (2000) does not support the hypothesis that increases in the level of self-employment increase the real growth rate. Furthermore, making a comparison of the level of self-employment in 23 OECD countries 1966, 1976, 1986 and 1996, Blanchflower finds that the level of non-agricultural self-employment has decreased in most of the countries. The relative importance of small firms is not undisputed as Davis, Haltiwanger, Schuh, (1996) and Bednarzik (2000) remark in their studies. Although important, entrepreneurship through start-ups is claimed to make a smaller contribution to job growth than expansion within existing firms in the U.S., Davis et al draw their conclusion from a study of data from the U.S. Census Bureau during 1972-1988, whereas Bednarzik has studied the mid-1990s. Although smaller firms have a higher gross job creation rate, large firms supply more in terms of net job creation. In a comment on Davis et al, Carree and Klomp (1996) contest its conclusion, arguing that small firms created more net jobs in the 1972-1988 periods relative to their employment share. Davidsson et al (1998) empirically test the regression fallacy, one reason for overestimating the importance of small firms according to Davis et al. The test by Davidsson et al covers Sweden 1989-96 and concludes that the bias does not imply a qualitative change on the overall result. Baldwin and Picot (1995) have studied the Canadian manufacturing sector 1970-90 and in order to avoid a regression-to-the-mean bias three different methods of estimation are used. A consistent finding is that small firms have a higher gross volatility in job growth and destruction but also a higher net employment growth than large firms. While an international comparison of the relative importance of small firms with respect to net job creation is interesting, the results are likely to differ between countries due to ins titutional reasons. For example, Davis and Henrekson (1999) show that the Swedish institutional environment prior to the economic crisis in the beginning of the 1990s significantly disfavored Swedish intensive-intensive, small, and/or managed-owned family businesses as well as entry of new firms compared to similar types of firms in the United States and other European countries. Using data from the U.S. manufacturing sector 1972-93 Haltiwanger and Krizan (1999) find that young firms exhibit high average net employment growth rate but also high volatility compared to mature establishments. Furthermore, among newly started firms there is no evidence of any systematic pattern by employer size of net employment growth. The conclusion is that in the context of employment growth, the age of firms appears to be more important than size, with the caveat that attributing a principal role to a single factor might be misleading. The survey, conducted by pollster Schoen, reveals that 63 percent to 23 percent, survey respondents prefer giving individuals the incentives they need to start their own businesses as opposed to allowing the government to create new jobs directly or through big corporations. Further, as a means of leading the country out of the economic crisis, 63 percent of respondents say the United States government needs to encourage the creation of new businesses, which will create sustainable, long-term employment opportunities and economic growth, while only 22 percent favor the government creating new jobs in the public and private sector. 79 percent of respondents say entrepreneurs are critically important to job creation, ranking higher than big business, scientists and government.Besides, Americans think the government does little to encourage entrepreneurship, despite its importance; 72 percent of respondents say the government should do more to encourage individuals to start businesses. Almost half of respondents think the laws in America make it more difficult to start a business.(Schoen,2009) 2.2 Innovation Tay (2009) study illustrate (cited from Professor Russell Sobel of West Virginia University), that infusions of venture capital funding do not necessarily foster entrepreneurship. Funding does not create new ideas — it is people who create new ideas. Funding merely follows and flows to those with new ideas and helps to commercialise the venture. In Malaysia, the government encourages ideas and provides seed funding through Cradle Sdn Bhd for commercially viable ideas. FRB of Dallass publication Entrepreneurs and the Economics say that the market system rewards those who create opportunities for employment and further innovation. When new products, processes and services are introduced by the entrepreneur, and when customers vote favorably with their dollars, even more opportunities arise. New products or service lines develop to further enhance the recently introduced products. The computer, for example, paved the way for the Internet, which, in turn, paved the way for search engines and software to explore the World Wide Web, which, in turn, created a new way for people to shop and obtain valuable information, and on and on. A wealthy economy is one teeming with superior contributions and the entrepreneurial opportunities created by them. The director of the U.S. Patent Office during 1899 was wrong when he said that everything that could be invented had already been invented. But the actual is most of the modern conveniences we take for granted today did not exist 100 years ago. According to FDB of Dallas in its publication Entrepreneurship and the Economics, the progress sparked by entrepreneurs ideas does not simply happen. A tremendous amount of work and a great deal of risk go into every new idea that eventually makes its way into the marketplace. And even though entrepreneurs create wealth and opportunity with their ideas, they are not always appreciated for what they do in the economy. One reason for this is that entrepreneurs can be extremely disruptive. When entrepreneurs take bold leaps and break contact with the familiar, they often leave behind a clutter of obsolete products and processes. This force is called creative destruction. For example, manual typewriters used to be in great demand, because they ser ved a useful function. Now, one would be hard-pressed to find a manual typewriter, or even an electric one, at work in a business. The same fate awaits countless other products, processes and services. New technologies replace old ones, and entrepreneurs spark the change. A healthy economy is one that allows creative destruction to occur because, overall, more people benefit than lose. Each act of creation brought about by entrepreneurs more than offsets the losses associated with products or processes becoming obsolete. (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, n.d.) Sobel stated that a vibrant, growing economy depends on the efficiency of the process by which new ideas are quickly discovered, acted on, and labeled as successes or failures. Just as important as identifying successes is making sure that failures are quickly extinguished, freeing poorly used resources to go elsewhere. This is the positive side of business failure. Successful entrepreneurs expand the size of the economic pie for everyone. Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, was an entrepreneur who touched millions of lives in a positive way. His innovations in distribution warehouse centers and inventory control allowed Wal-Mart to grow, in less than thirty years, from a single store in Arkansas to the nations largest retail chain. Shoppers benefit from the low prices and convenient locations that Waltons Wal-Marts provide. Along with other entrepreneurs such as Ted Turner (CNN), Henry Ford (Ford automobiles), Ray Kroc (McDonalds franchising), and Fred Smith (FedEx), Walton significantly improved the everyday life of billions of people all over the world. Schumpeter stressed the role of the entrepreneur as an innovator who implements change in an economy by introducing new goods or new methods of production. (Sobel, nd) In the Schumpeterian view, the entrepreneur is a disruptive force in an economy. Schumpeter emphasized the beneficial process of creative destruction, in which the introduction of new products results in the obsolescence or failure of others. The introduction of the compact disc and the corresponding disappearance of the vinyl record is just one of many examples of creative destruction: cars, electricity, aircraft, and personal computers are others. (Schumpeterian, 1911) In contrast to Schumpeters view, Kirzner focused on entrepreneurship as a process of discovery. Kirzners entrepreneur is a person who discovers previously unnoticed profit opportunities. The entrepreneurs discovery initiates a process in which these newly discovered profit opportunities are then acted on in the marketplace until market competition eliminates the profit opportunity. Unlike Schumpeters disruptive force, Kirzners entrepreneur is an equilibrating force. An example of such an entrepreneur would be someone in a college town who discovers that a recent increase in college enrollment has created a profit opportunity in renovating houses and turning them into rental apartments. Some empirical studies have attempted to determine the contribution of entrepreneurial activity to overall economic growth. The majority of the widely cited studies use international data, taking advantage of the index of entrepreneurial activity for each country published annually in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. These studies conclude that between one-third and one-half of the differences in economic growth rates across countries can be explained by differing rates of entrepreneurial activity. Similar strong results have been found at the state and local levels.(Kirzner, 1997) Entrepreneurship and competition fuel creative destruction. Schumpeter summed it up as follows: The fundamental impulse that sets and keeps the capitalist engine in motion comes from the new consumers goods, the new methods of production or transportation, the new markets, the new forms of industrial organization that capitalist enterprise creates. (Schumpeter, 1939) Entrepreneurs introduce new products and technologies with an eye toward making themselves better off—the profit motive. New goods and services, new firms, and new industries compete with existing ones in the marketplace, taking customers by offering lower prices, better performance, new features, catchier styling, faster service, more convenient locations, higher status, more aggressive marketing, or more attractive packaging. In another seemingly contradictory aspect of creative destruction, the pursuit of self-interest ignites the progress that makes others better off. (Alm Cox, n.d.) Romer, a leading scholar of Economic Growth, has explained that innovation results from a combination of growth-fostering social institutions and new ideas. Because ideas, unlike objects, can be shared by many at the same time, they greatly increase the speed of technological advancement. Capital, social institutions, and new technology, therefore, do not alone cause growth; they must be combined with the ability and willingness to think and act creatively, which in turn means that innovation, has philosophical and psychological requirements. (Sandefur, n.d.) Novus ordo seclorum, characterized by greater uncertainty, asymmetry, and reliance on knowledge as a factor of production, has increased the importance of small entrepreneurial firms. Acs and Audretsch (2001) conclude that there are significant differences in the importance of small firms regarding innovative activity across sectors. Specifically, they mention computers and process control instruments as industries where new entrepreneurial firms are an important part of the innovation process. This adds to a list of Baldwin and Johnson (1999), who mention the importance of small firms regarding electronics, instruments, medical equipment, steel, and biotechnology. Acs (1996) presents an innovation measure, defined as the total number of innovations per 1000 employees in differe

How Inclusion Came to Be :: essays papers

How Inclusion Came to Be When children have a learning disability there are two different ways for them to be taught. One is an out of the classroom approach where children with disabilities receive extra help with a specialist separate from the regular classroom. There are also schools that only have children that are disabled and cater to only the different needs of a child with a disability. In the approach where children with disabilities are separated from non-disabled children, the child spends half the day in the mainstream classroom and half of the day separated and excluded from the mainstream classroom (Odom 2002). As a result of this approach schools did not have the appropriate funding for the extra teachers needed to provide a separate learning classroom. This problem leads to public schools denying children with disabilities access to the facilities that are offered in a regular classroom, hence segregating the children with disabilities from the mainstream children (Lewis, 1999). In 1975 the Education for all Handicapped Children’s Act (later renamed Individuals with Disabilities Education Act abbreviated IDEA) was passed in reaction the problem of students being segregated. This act was written to make sure that all handicapped children would have access to free education including special education. The law emphasizes that children with disabilities be educated with non-disabled children (Daniel 1997). The act gave parents the right to choose how their disabled child will be educated whether it be a pull out program or and inclusive program with non-disabled children (Become 2003). This act gave way to inclusion, which is the second approach to educating children with disabilities. Inclusion is the "integration of a disabled student in a regular classroom with the necessary aids and services" (Daniel 1997). Student Views on Inclusion Since inclusion started there has been controversy on whether or not inclusion helps the children more than the pull-out program. There have been many different experiments that have studied the effects of student’s performances in inclusion programs and in pull out programs. In one specific study done in Iowa by the Council for Exceptional Children, students with a specific learning disability were sent to two different middle schools to participate in an 8th grade classroom. The two schools differed in only one way, and that was one was an inclusive school, the Enterprise, and one was a regular mainstream school, the Voyager.